Background: Understanding of kinematics force applied at the elbow is important\nin many fields, including biomechanics, biomedical engineering and rehabilitation.\nThis paper provides a comparison of a mathematical model of elbow joint using\nthree different types of prosthetics for transhumeral user, and characterizes the forces\nrequired to overcome the passive mechanical of the prosthetics at the residual limb.\nMethods: The study modeled the elbow as a universal joint with intersecting axes of\nx-axis and y-axis in a plain of upper arm and lower arm. The equations of force applied,\ntorque, weight and length of different type of prosthetics and the anthropometry of\nprosthetics hand are discussed in this study. The study also compares the force, torque\nand pressure while using all three types of prosthetics with the normal hand.\nResults: The result was measured from the elbow kinematics of seven amputees, using\nthree different types of prosthetics. The F-Scan sensor used in the study is to determine\nthe pressure applied at the residual limb while wearing different type of prostheses.\nConclusion: These technological advances in assessment the biomechanics of an\nelbow joint for three different type of prosthetics with the normal hand bring the new\ninformation for the amputees and prosthetist to choose the most suitable device to be\nworn daily.
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